Publications

Journal Publications  Other Articles  Press Coverages

Selected Press Coverages
Metamaterial integration
Nature Photonics 15, 717 (2021) – link
Random access metamaterial enables ultimate spatial light control
nanotechweb.org, January 2017 – link
Exotic optics: Metamaterial world
News Feature – Lee Billings Nature 500, 138-140 (2013) – link
Southampton scientists change the colour of gold
BBC News, 24 Oct. 2012 –link

Journal Publications
* corresponding author †equal contribution

  1. Near-infrared metalens empowered dual-mode high resolution and large FOV microscope
    C. Sun, H. Pi, K. S. Kiang,J. Yan* and J. Y. Ou*
    Adv. Opt. Mater. (2024) published online doi:10.1002/adom.202400512
  2. Tunable on-chip optical traps for levitating particles based on single-layer metasurface
    C. Sun, H. Pi, K. S. Kiang, T. S. Georgescu, J. Y. Ou*, H. Ulbricht, J. Yan*
    Nanophotonics (2024) published online DoI:10.1515/nanoph-2023-0873
  3. 3D positional metrology of a virus-like nanoparticle with topologically structured light
    Y. Wang, E. A. Chan, C. Rendón-Barraza, Y. Shen, E. Plum, K. F. MacDonald, J. Y. Ou, and N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett., in press (2024)
  4. Reconfigurable photonic platforms: feature issue introduction
    B. Gholipour, N. Youngblood, Q. Wang, P. C. Wu, P. Barclay, and J. Y. Ou,
    Opt. Mater. Express 14, 236-239 (2024) doi: 10.1364/OME.510620
  5. Picophotonic localization metrology beyond thermal fluctuations
    T. Liu, C-H. Chi, J. Y. Ou, J. Xu, E. A. Chan, K. F. MacDonald and N. I. Zheludev
    Nat. Mater. 22, 844–847(2023) doi: 10.1038/s41563-023-01543-y – pdf 
  6. Photonic metamaterial analogue of a continuous time crystal
    T. Liu, J. Y. Ou, K. F. MacDonald, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nat. Phys. (2023) doi: 10.1038/s41567-023-02023-5 – pdf [Press coverage]
  7. Microwatt volatile optical bistability via nanomechanical nonlinearity
    D. Papas, J. Y. Ou, E. Plum, and N. I. Zheludev
    Adv. Science 2300042 (2023) doi: 10.1002/advs.202300042 – pdf
  8. Counting and mapping of subwavelength nanoparticles from a single shot scattering pattern
    E. A. Chan, C. Rendón-Barraza, B. Wang, T. Pu, J. Y. Ou, H. Wei, G. Adamo, B. An, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nanophotonics12 2807–2812 (2023) doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0612
  9. Broadband Solar Metamaterial Absorbers Empowered by Transformer‐Based Deep Learning
    W. Chen, Y. Gao, Y. Li, Y. Yan, J. Y. Ou, W. Ma, & J. Zhu
    Adv. Science10(13), 2206718 (2023)
  10. Enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering in the unsuspended silicon waveguide assisted with genetic algorithms
    P. Li, S. Wang, G. Z. Mashanovich, J.-Y. Ou, and J. Yan
    Opt. Express 31, 16162-16177 (2023)
  11. Plasmonic anapole metamaterial for refractive index sensing
    J. Yao†, J. Y. Ou†, V. Savinov, M. K. Chen, H. Y. Kuo, N. I. Zheludev, D. P. Tsai
    PhotoniX 3, 23 (2022) doi: 10.1186/s43074-022-00069-x – pdf [Journal cover]
  12. Optimization of metamaterials and metamaterial-microcavity based on deep neural networks
    G. Lan, Y. Wang, J. Y. Ou*
    Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4, 5137 doi:10.1039/d2na00592a
  13. Ballistic dynamics of flexural thermal movements in a nano-membrane revealed with subatomic resolution
    T. Liu, J. Y. Ou*, N. Papasimakis, K. F. MacDonald, V. E. Gusev, and N. I. Zheludev
    Sci. Adv. (33), abn8007 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8007 [arXiv.org, 2205.02138 (2022) – link]
  14. Non-contact optical magnetic field sensor based on metamaterial nanomechanics
    G. Lan, J. Y. Ou*, D. Papas, N. I. Zheludev, and E. Plum
    APL Photonics 7, 036101 (2022) doi: 10.1063/5.0081849 – pdf [Featured article]
  15. Tailorable stimulated Brillouin scattering in a partially suspended aluminium nitride waveguide in the visible range
    P. Li, J. Y. Ou, G. Z. Mashanovich, and J. Yan,
    Opt. Express 30, 27092-27108 (2022)
  16. Tunable angle-selective optical transparency induced by photonic topological transition in Dirac semimetals-based hyperbolic metamaterials
    Q. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Cai, P. Cencillo-Abad, and J. Y. Ou
    Opt. Express 30, 23102-23114 (2022) doi: 10.1364/OE.458584
  17. Method for optimising the performance of PML in anchor-loss limited model via COMSOL. 
    P. Li, J. -Y. Ou and J. Yan
    IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 16, 327– 336 (2022). 10.1049/smt2.12107
  18. Thermal fluctuations of the optical properties of nanomechanical photonic metamaterials
    J. Li, D. Papas, T. Liu, J. Y. Ou*, K. F. MacDonald, E. Plum, and N. I. Zheludev
    Adv. Opt. Mater. 202101591 (2021) doi: 10.1002/adom.202101591 – pdf
  19. Optomechanical metamaterial nanobolometer
    D. Papas, J. Y. Ou*, E. Plum, and N. I. Zheludev
    APL Photonics 6, 126110 (2021) doi: 10.1063/5.0073583 – pdf [Featured article]
  20. Visualization of Sub-atomic Movements in Nanostructures
    T. Liu, J. Y. Ou*, E. Plum, K. F. MacDonald, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nano Lett. 21 (18), 7746-7752 (2021) doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02644 – pdf
  21. Fiber-integrated phase change metasurfaces with switchable group delay dispersion
    T. Martins, Y. Cui, B. Gholipour, J. Y. Ou, O. Frazão, and K. F. MacDonald
    Adv. Opt. Mater., 2100803 (2021) doi: 10.1002/adom.202100803 – pdf
  22. Detection of sub-atomic movement in nanostructures
    T. Liu, J. Y. Ou*, K. F. MacDonald, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nanoscale Adv.  3, 2213 (2021) doi: 10.1039/d0na01068e – pdf [inside front coverarXiv:2005.05160 (2020) – arXiv
  23. Decay rate enhancement of diamond NV-centers on diamond thin films
    H. Li, J. Y. Ou, V. A. Fedotov and N. Papasimakis
    Opt. Express 29, 25626 (2021) doi: 110.1364/OE.425706 – pdf
  24. Engineering the collapse of lifetime distribution of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds
    H. Li, J. Y. Ou, B. Gholipour, J. K. So, D. Piccinotti, V. A. Fedotov and N. Papasimakis
    Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 261103 (2021) doi: 10.1063/5.0054780 – pdf
  25. Gigahertz Nano-Optomechanical Resonances in a Dielectric SiC-Membrane Metasurface Array
    I. A. Ajia, J. Y. Ou, N. J. Dinsdale, H. J. Singh, T. Chen-Sverre, T. Liu, N. I. Zheludev, and O. L. Muskens
    Nano Lett. 11, 4563-4569 (2021) doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00205 – pdf
  26. Electrogyration in metamaterials: Chirality and polarization rotatory power that depend on applied electric field
    Q. Zhang, E. Plum, J. Y. Ou, H. Pi, J. Li , K. F. MacDonald, and N. I. Zheludev
    Adv. Opt. Mater.9 (4), 2001826 (2021) doi: 10.1002/adom.202001826 – pdf
  27. Enhancing ultra-wideband THz fingerprint sensing of unpatterned 2D carbon-based nanomaterials
    S. Ding, J.Y. Ou, L. Du, L. Zhu, S.A. Khan, H. Chen, J. Zhu
    Carbon 179, 666-676(2021) doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.04.084
  28. Spectroscopic study of gap-surface plasmons in a metallic convex groove array and their applications in nanofocusing and plasmonic sensing
    D. Li†, J. Y. Ou†, P. Xie, Z. Liang, W. Wang, W. Wang, H. Zhang, and X. Kuang
    Phys. Rev. B 103, 245404 (2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.103.245404
  29. Unlabeled Far-Field Deeply Subwavelength Topological Microscopy (DSTM)
    T. Pu, J. Y. Ou V. Savinov G. Yuan N. Papasimakis and N. I. Zheludev
    Adv. Sci. 2002886 (2020) doi: 10.1002/advs.202002886 – pdf
  30. Label-free deeply subwavelength optical microscopy
    T. Pu, J. Y. Ou, N. Papasimakis and N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 131105 (2020) doi: 10.1063/5.0003330 – pdf
  31. Selective light trapping of plasmonic stack metamaterials by circuit design
    J. Zhu, L. Zhang, S. Jiang , J. Y. Ou, & Q. H. Liu
    Nanoscale 12, 2057-2062 (2020)
  32. Imprinted plasmonic measuring nanocylinders for nanoscale volumes of materials
    J. Zhu, X. Chen, Y. Xie, J. Y. Ou, H. Chen, and Q. H. Liu
    Nanophotonics 9, 167–176 (2020)
  33. Mechanochromic Reconfigurable Metasurfaces
    A. Karvounis, N. Aspiotis,I. Zeimpekis, J. Y. Ou, C. C. Huang, D. Hewak, and N. I. Zheludev
    Advanced Science, 1900974 (2019) doi:10.1002/advs.201900974
  34. Perfect light absorption in graphene by two unpatterned dielectric layers and potential applications
    J. Zhu, C. Li, J. Y. Ou and Q. H. Liu
    Carbon
     142, 430-437 (2019) doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.073
  35. High-sensitivity refractive index sensors using coherent perfect absorption on graphene in the Vis-NIR region
    C. Li, J. Qiu, J. Y. Ou, Q.H. Liu, J. Zhu
    ACS Applied Nano Materials 2, 3231-3237 (2019) doi:10.1021/acsanm.9b00523
  36. Electronic and hyperbolic dielectric properties of ZrS2/HfS2 heterostructuresL. Zhang, W. Yu, Q. Wang, J. Y. Ou, B Wang, G Tang, X Jia, X Yang, G Wang, and X. Cai
    Phys. Rev. B 100 (16), 165304 (2019) doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.100.165304
  37. Optical addressing of nanomechanical metamaterials with subwavelength resolution
    J. Y. Ou*, E. Plum, and N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 081104 (2018) doi:10.1063/1.5036966
    2018_APL_Guitar.png
  38. Optical bistability in shape-memory nanowire metamaterial array
    Y. Nagasaki, B. Gholipour, J. Y. Ou*, M. Tsuruta, E. Plum, K. F. MacDonald, J. Takahara, and N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 021105 (2018) doi: 10.1063/1.5025400
  39. Optical Gating of Graphene on Photoconductive Fe: LiNbO3
    J. Gorecki, V. Apostolopoulos, J. Y. Ou, S. Mailis, and N. Papasimakis.
    ACS NANO 12(6) 5940-5945 (2018) doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b02161
  40. Optical properties of single crystal silver thin films on mica for high performance plasmonic devices
    T. Uchino, T. Koiwa, J. Y. Ou, and V. A. Fedotov
    Opt. Mater. Express 8(6), 1642-1649 (2018) doi:10.1364/OME.8.001642 [OMEx Editor’s Pick]
  41. Midinfrared one-dimensional photonic crystal constructed from two-dimensional electride material
    L. Zhang, W. Yu, J. Y. Ou, Q. Wang, X. Cai, B. Wang, X. Li, R. Zhao, and Y. Liu
    Phys. Rev. B 98, 075434 (2018) doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.98.075434
  42. Near unity ultraviolet absorption in graphene without patterning
    J. Zhu, S. Yan, N. Feng, L. Ye, J. Y. Ou, and Q. H. Liu
    Appl. Phys. Lett. 112,153106 (2018) doi:10.1063/1.5022768
  43. Portable tumor biosensing of serum by plasmonic biochips in combination with nanoimprint and microfluidics
    J. Zhou, F. Tao, J Zhu, S Lin, Z Wang, X Wang, J. Y. Ou, Y Li, Q.H. Liu
    Nanophotonics
     8(2), pp.307-316 (2018) doi:10.1515/nanoph-2018-0173
  44. Fano resonance and Rabi splitting in MDM side-coupled cavities systems
    L. Zhang, X. Wang, W. Qiao, J. Y. Ou, Q. Gu, L. He, Q. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, W. Li
    Opt. Commun. 421, 66-72 (2018) doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2018.03.077
  45. Planar array with bidirectional elements for tunnel environments
    R. Wang, B-Z. Wang, X. Ding, and J. Y. Ou
    Sci. Rep. 7, 15421 (2017)  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15817-4
  46. Electro-mechanical light modulator based on controlling the interaction of light with a metasurface
    P. Cencillo-Abad, J. Y. Ou, E. Plum, and Nikolay I. Zheludev
    Sci. Rep.7, 5405 (2017) doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05906-9
  47. Coherent selection of invisible high-order electromagnetic excitations
    M. L. Tseng, X. Fang, V. Savinov, P. C. Wu, J. Y. Ou, N. I. Zheludev, and D. P. Tsai
    Sci. Rep.7, 44488 (2017) doi: 10.1038/srep44488
  48. Active counter electrode in a-SiC electrochemical metallization memory
    K. A. Morgan, J. Fan, R. Huang, L. Zhong, R. Gowers, J. Y. Ou, L. Jiang and C.H. De Groot
    J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50, 325102 (2017) doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aa7bbe
  49. Random access actuation of nanowire grid metamaterial
    P. Cencillo-Abad, J. Y. Ou, E. Plum, J. Valente, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nanotechnology 27, 485206 (2016) doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/48/485206
  50. Giant nonlinearity of an optically reconfigurable plasmonic metamaterial
    J. Y. Ou
    , E. Plum, J. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev
    Adv. Mater.28, 729-733 (2016) doi: 10.1002/adma.201504467
    adma201504467-gra-0001-m.png
  51. Nano-optomechanical nonlinear dielectric metamaterials
    A. Karvounis, J. Y. Ou, W. Wu, K. F. MacDonald, N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett.107, 191110 (2015) doi: 10.1063/1.4935795
  52. A magneto-electro-optical effect in a plasmonic nanowire material
    J. Valente, J. Y. Ou, E. Plum, I. J. Youngs, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nat. Commun.6, 7021 (2015) doi: 10.1038/ncomms8021
    ncomms8021-f1
  53. Reconfiguring photonic metamaterials with currents and magnetic fields
    J. Valente, J. Y. Ou, E. Plum, I. J. Youngs, and N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett.106, 111905 (2015) doi: 10.1063/1.4913609
  54. Scalable high-mobility MoS 2 thin films fabricated by an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition process at ambient temperature
    C. C. Huang, F. Al-Saab, Y. Wang, J. Y. Ou, J. C. Walker, S. Wang, B. Gholipour, R. E. Simpson  and  D. W. Hewak
    Nanoscale 6 (21), 12792 (2014) doi:10.1039/C4NR04228J
  55. Ultraviolet and visible range plasmonics in the topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2
    J. Y. Ou
    , J. K. So, G. Adamo, A. Sulaev, L. Wang, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nat. Commun.5, 5139 (2014) doi: 10.1038/ncomms6139
    UVTI_scale
  56. Ultrafast all-optical switching via coherent modulation of metamaterial absorption
    X. Fang, M. L. Tseng, J. Y. Ou, K. F. MacDonald, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev
    Appl. Phys. Lett.104, 141102 (2014) doi: 10.1063/1.4870635
  57. An electromechanically reconfigurable plasmonic metamaterial operating in the near-infrared
    J. Y. Ou
    , E. Plum, J. Zhang, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nature Nanotech.8, 252-255 (2013) doi: 10.1038/NNANO.2013.25
    nnano.2013.25-f1_mod
  58. Electro-optical control in a plasmonic metamaterial hybridised with a liquid-crystal cell
    O. Buchnev, J. Y. Ou, M. Kaczmarek, N. I. Zheludev, and V. A. Fedotov
    Opt. Express 21(2), 1633 (2013) doi: 10.1364/OE.21.001633
  59. Germanium antimony lateral nanowire phase change memory by chemical vapor depositionB. Gholipour, C. C. Huang, J. Y. Ou, D. W. Hewak
    Physica status solidi (b) 250 (5), 994 (2013) doi:10.1002/pssb.201248515
  60. Electron-beam-driven collective-mode metamaterial light source
    G. Adamo, J. Y. Ou, J. K. So, S. D. Jenkins, F. De Angelis, K. F. MacDonald, E. Di Fabrizio, J. Ruostekoski, and N. I. Zheludev
    Phys. Rev. Lett.109, 217401 (2012) doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.217401
  61. Optical response of plasmonic relief meta-surfaces
    J. Zhang, J. Y. Ou, K. F. MacDonald and N. I. Zheludev 
    J. Opt.14, 114002 (2012) doi: 10.1088/2040-8978/14/11/114002
  62. “Digitally” addressable focusing of light into a subwavelength hot spot
    T. S. Kao, E. T. F. Rogers, J. Y. Ou, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nano Lett.12, 2728 (2012) doi: 10.1021/nl2043437
  63. Low-loss plasmonic metamaterial based on epitaxial gold monocrystal film
    V. A. Fedotov, T. Uchino, and J. Y. Ou
    Opt. Express20(9), 9545 (2012) doi: 10.1364/OE.20.009545
    2012_crystalgoldMM.jpg
  64. Efficient light confinement with nanostructured optical microfiber tipsM. Ding, O. Fenwick, F. Di Stasio, J. Y. Ou, N. Sessions, Y. Jung, F. Cacialli and G. BrambillaOptics Communications 285 (23), 4688 (2012) doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2012.05.006
  65. Deposition and characterization of CVD-grown Ge-Sb thin film device for phase-change memory applicationC. C Huang, B. Gholipour, K. Knight, J. Y. Ou, D. W. Hewak Advances in OptoElectronics 2012, 840348 (2012) doi:10.1155/2012/840348
  66. Continuous metal plasmonic frequency selective surfaces
    J. Zhang, J. Y. Ou, N. Papasimakis, Y. Chen, K. F. MacDonald, and N. I. Zheludev
    Opt. Express 19(23), 23279 (2011) doi: 10.1364/OE.19.023279
    colourgold.jpg
  67. Nanostructured plasmonic medium for terahertz bandwidth all-optical switching
    M. Ren, B. Jia, J. Y. Ou, E. Plum, J. Zhang, K. F. MacDonald, A. E. Nikolaenko, J. Xu, M. Gu, N. I. Zheludev
    Adv. Mater. 23, 5540 (2011) doi: 10.1002/adma.201103162
  68. Reconfigurable photonic metamaterials
    J. Y. Ou*, E. Plum, L. Jiang, and N. I. Zheludev
    Nano Lett.11(5), 2142-2144 (2011) doi: 10.1021/nl200791r
    ReconfigurablePhotonicMM
  69. Laser-induced forward transfer of focussed ion beam pre-machined donors
    K. S. Kaur, M. Feinäugle, D. P. Banks, J. Y. Ou, F. Di Pietrantonio, E. Verona, C. L. Sones, and R. W. Eason
    Appl. Surf. Sci.257, 6650 (2011) doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.094
  70. Electrical phase change of CVD-grown Ge-Sb-Te thin film device
    C. C. Huang, B. Gholipour, J. Y. Ou, K. J. Knight, and D. W. Hewak
    Electron. Lett.47, 288 (2011) doi: 10.1049/el.2010.3276
  71. Multifold enhancement of quantum dot luminescence in plasmonic metamaterials
    K. Tanaka, E. Plum, J. Y. Ou, T. Uchino, and N. I. Zheludev
    Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 227403 (2010) doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.227403
  72. Fabrication and characterization of microscaled on-chip toroidal inductorsJ. Y. Ou, S. H. Chen, H. M. Lee, J. C. WuIEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45 (10), 4767 (2010) doi:10.1109/TMAG.2009.2023916
  73. Current driven magnetization reversal in microstructured spin valve with current-in-plane configurationC. Y. Kuo, C. T. Chao, J. Y. Ou, L. Horng, J. C. Wu, T. H. Wu, M. Tsunoda and M. Takahashi
    Journal of Applied Physics 105 (7), 07D118 (2009) doi: 10.1063/1.3068483
  74. A Novel Bottom-Up Fabrication Process for Controllable Sub-100 nm Magnetic Multilayer DevicesM. Y. Kao, J. Y. Ou, L. Horng, J. C. Wu
    IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44 (11), 2734-2736 (2008) doi:10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001502
  75. Layer-and lateral-resolved magnetization studies using photoemission electron microscopyD. H. Wei, Y. J. Hsu, C. C. Lin, C. H. Lai, J. Y. Ou, J. C. Wu Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 282, 49-52 (2004) doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.011

Other Articles and Conference Proceedings

  1. Control of metal color using surface relief metamaterial nanostructuring
    J. Zhang, J. Y. Ou, N. Papasimakis, Y. Chen, K. F. MacDonald, and N. I. Zheludev
    SPIE Newsroom (2012) doi: 10.1117/2.1201202.004119
    2012_SPIENewsroom.png
  2. Observation of multiple transitions on permalloy ring by magnetic force microscopy
    L. K. Lin, C. Y. Kao, J. Y. Ou, C. C. Chang, C. R. Chang, L. Horng and J. C. Wu Physica Status Solidi (C) 4(12), 4360-4363 (2007) doi:10.1002/pssc.200777205
  3. Investigation of magnetization reversal in chains of permalloy ellipses via magnetoresistance measurement and magnetic force microscopy
    C. T. Chao, J. Y Ou., Y. C. Chang, C. C. Chang, H. M. Lee and J. C. Wu Physica Status Solidi (C) 4(12), 4356-4359 (2007) doi:10.1002/pssc.200777212
  4. Soft X-Ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy Station with Polarized Radiation
    D.H. Wei, Y.J. Hsu, G.C. Yin, Y.S. Wu, S.C. Chuang, K.L. Tsang, J. Y. Ou and J.C. Wu
    AIP Conference Proceedings 705, 905 (2004) doi:10.1063/1.1757942
  • Random access metamaterial enables ultimate spatial light control
    nanotechweb.org, January 2017 – link
  • Exotic optics: Metamaterial world
    News Feature – Lee Billings
    Nature 500, 138-140 (2013) link
  • Metamaterial with adjustable optical properties
    R&Dmag.com, 19 March 2013 link
  • Electrical signals dictate optical properties
    LaserFocusWorld, 19 March 2013 link
    ScienceDaily, 19 March 2013 link
    Nanotechnology Now, 19 March 2013 link
    ScienceBlog, 19 March 2013 link
  • Variable-property metamaterial has optical application potential
    the ENGINEER, Mar 2013 – link
  • Raising the gold standard
    FT Magazine, Dec 2012 – link
  • Southampton scientists change the colour of gold
    BBC News, 24 Oct. 2012 –link